Tag: Aluminum

  • The Spring Garden Bad Siding Historic District

    House on High Street with four kinds of siding

    Old Pa Pitt does not mean that title entirely facetiously. Artificial sidings are a big part of Pittsburgh’s identity. Many neighborhoods are almost defined by the long rows of frame houses clad in aluminum and vinyl. But few neighborhoods can show us such a concentrated collection of every kind of fake siding from every era as Spring Garden. Often we see almost all of them on the same house. The house above, for example, has aluminum on the front, but around the side we see an older layer of grey Insulbrick, some asphalt shingles on the dormer, some multicolored asphalt or asbestos-cement shingles in the gable, along with large rectangles of something that caused Father Pitt to throw up his hands and give up his attempts to identify it. We can see that the siding was done in layers; the multicolored shingles were covered over with the big rectangles of whatever, which in turn were covered with Insulbrick, and then the aluminum came last. Each of these was probably peddled as a lifetime solution, but the house has outlived all of them.

    High Street

    The house sits on a street of similarly altered houses, each one mutilated in its own way. Yet the combined effect is a cheerful and welcoming streetscape. These are houses that have been loved, decade after decade.

    High Street
    House on High Street with asbestos siding

    Here is another house with a variety of sidings. On the side we see asbestos-cement diamonds—once very common, but now becoming rarer and rarer, except in Spring Garden. If you have a house with asbestos-cement siding like this, don’t spend much time worrying about it. Even the companies that make their money from asbestos remediation will tell you that, if the siding is stable, it is safe, and you should leave it in place.

    Front elevation of the house

    That same house has some sort of vinyl or plastic tiles on the front with a fake wood-grain pattern.

    House on High Street with rust-covered aluminum

    This little house is condemned, which is unfortunate. The siding wasn’t that bad. Behind a brick porch, the house is sheathed in aluminum, which of course does not rust, but is commonly stained with rust from the fasteners and other steel parts used to install it.

    House with asbestos hexagons

    Barely visible behind the lush growth of jungle, this house is covered in multicolored asbestos-cement hexagons. There was a time when that seemed like a good idea, and many relics of that time are preserved in Spring Garden.

    House with three kinds of siding

    Here is another house of many sidings—aluminum on the front, asbestos-cement hexagons and Insulbrick on the side.

    The other side of the house
    St. Michael & All Angels Lutheran Church

    Even the Lutheran church (of which we’ll see more soon) is a frame building covered with fake stone.

    Building with vanished neighbor outlined in siding
    Sony Alpha 3000.

    Often siding marks where a neighboring building has disappeared. Here we see an odd phenomenon: a wood-sided house that was covered with aluminum, but then lost an attached neighbor, whereupon the scar was covered with vertical wood planking. Behind it is a house with two different kinds of aluminum siding and what appears to be vertical vinyl siding covering an old storefront.

    Father Pitt likes to make fun of the many varieties of artificial siding in Pittsburgh, although his fun is mixed with a certain amount of awe. He even has a name for the most common ones: the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (Aluminum, Vinyl, Insulbrick, and Permastone). But if you live in one of these houses, do not suppose that old Pa Pitt is mocking you. If you are keeping the house standing, you are doing a good thing. If you love your home, give it all the attention it deserves. And maybe some happy day, when your ship comes in, you can afford to restore the house to the way it would have looked when it had wood siding and big, bright windows.

    Doubtless we’ll be seeing more of Spring Garden’s historic bad siding, because one article can only scratch the surface. But we hope our readers have enjoyed a trip to one of Pittsburgh’s many odd little corners.


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  • Two Aluminum Firsts

    Spire of the German Evangelical Protestant Church
    Fujifilm FinePix HS20EXR.

    The spire of the German Evangelical Protestant Church (now Smithfield United Church of Christ), designed by Henry Hornbostel and finished in 1926, was the first structural use of aluminum. Behind it, the Alcoa Building, designed by Harrison & Abramovitz and finished in 1953, was the first skyscraper entirely clad in aluminum.


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  • Spire of the German Evangelical Church

    Spire of the German Evangelical Church
    Fujifilm FinePix HS20EXR.

    Now the Smithfield United Church of Christ, and it has had several other names. This lacy spire has an honored place in history as the first structural use of aluminum. (The aluminum point on the Washington Monument was just a lump of aluminum set on top, not a structure.) The architect Henry Hornbostel’s other experiment in this building, the use of decorative concrete panels on the exterior walls, has not held up as well; for years the rest of the building has been shrouded in netting to prevent bits of concrete from raining on pedestrians. Below is a picture Father Pitt took of the tower in 2000, before the shrouds went up.

    Tower of Smithfield United Church in 2000
    Lomo Smena 8M.
  • Rockwell Hall, Duquesne University

    Rockwell Hall
    Fujifilm FinePix HS10.

    Built in the 1950s as the Duquesne University Hall of Law and Finance, this building was featured in the Alcoa advertisement “How Many of These Pittsburgh Skyscrapers Can You Name?” as an example of the new ultra-modern sort of aluminum-clad skyscraper.


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  • How Many of These Pittsburgh Skyscrapers Can You Name?

    How many of these Pittsburgh skyscrapers can you name? Advertisement for Alcoa aluminum

    From The Pittsburgh Bicentennial in 1958, an advertisement for Alcoa aluminum as the new wonder material in construction. All these buildings are still standing, though the Heinz Food Research Center badly needs a rescue.

  • Alcoa Corporate Center, North Shore

    River side of the Alcoa Corporate Center

    The headquarters of Alcoa since it moved out of the Alcoa Building, and now also the headquarters of Alcoa’s spinoff Arconic. The river side of the building is all curves and exposed aluminum, naturally.

    Alcoa Corporate Center
    Andy Warhol Bridge with the Alcoa Corporate Center behind it
    Alcoa Corporate Center
    Curves of the Alcoa Corporate Center

    Cameras: Fujifilm FinePix HS10; Kodak EasyShare Z981.

  • Porter Building

    Side of the Porter Building

    Is it a 1960s sci-fi space liner, or…

    Porter Building

    …another aluminum-clad building by Harrison & Abramovitz?

    It almost seems as though H. K. Porter, a diverse manufacturing concern that began as a locomotive maker, had pointed to the Alcoa Building and said, “We want that, but shorter.” It is not the same building, but the similarity is striking. This one opened in 1958, five years after the Alcoa Building. It used to have the name “PORTER” in big aluminum letters in that niche at the top, but it now carries the logo of FHLBank Pittsburgh, the tenant with naming rights.

    The picture above was taken from Steel Plaza, and that is the back of the U. S. Steel Tower flag waving in the breeze. The U. S. Steel Tower, of course, is another Harrison & Abramovitz design.

    Oblique view of the front face
    Perspective view

    Historic Pittsburgh has an interesting picture of the Porter Building under construction.

  • Reliefs by Henry Hering on the Federal Reserve Bank Building

    Eagle by Henry Hering

    This building, put up in 1930–1931, was a branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, and the Clevelanders Walker & Weeks were the architects—but with Henry Hornbostel and Eric Fisher Wood as “consulting architects.”1 Old Pa Pitt doesn’t know exactly how far the consulting went. At any rate, the architects chose sculptor Henry Hering, who had done several prominent decorations in Cleveland, to create the cast-aluminum reliefs for this building. The picture below is from 2015, but it will serve to show the placement of the reliefs:

    Federal Reserve Bank Building

    The three main figures are obviously allegorical; they seem to represent industry, agriculture, and the professions.

    Relief by Henry Hering
    Relief
    Relief
    Decoration in aluminum
    1. Source: Walter Kidney, Henry Hornbostel: An Architect’s Master Touch, where this building is no. 137 in the List of Works. ↩︎
  • Alcoa Building

    Alcoa Building from Mellon Square

    The Alcoa Building, designed by Harrison & Abramovitz and built in 1953, was supposed to revolutionize skyscraper design.1 It didn’t, but it had some interesting innovations—swivel windows that could be cleaned from the inside, for example, and of course its aluminum cladding, which was in effect a huge billboard advertising Alcoa’s product. This building did have one important and lasting effect on Pittsburgh: it brought Harrison & Abramovitz into the city, and our skyline would certainly be very different without their work.

    Alcoa moved across the Allegheny in 1998, and for a while this was called the Regional Enterprise Tower, but now it holds luxury apartments instead of offices and is calling itself the Alcoa Building again—or, to give the marketers’ full name for it, the Residences at the Historic Alcoa Building.

    To old Pa Pitt this building always looks like a stack of 1950s television sets.

    1. See this article on Mellon Square at the Society of Architectural Historians’ Archipedia. ↩︎